Python Operators: Arithmetic, Comparison, Assignment, Logical, Bitwise

What are the Python Operators?

In Python, operators are symbols or special symbols that perform operations on one or more operands to produce a result. They are used to manipulate data and perform various computations. Python supports a wide range of operators, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, bitwise, and more. These operators allow you to perform tasks such as mathematical calculations, comparisons, logical operations, and manipulating bits.

Types of Python Operators.

Arithmetic Operators: +, -, , /, %, *, //
Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, \=, /=, %=, *=, //=
Logical Operators: and, or, not
Bitwise Operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
Membership Operators: in, not in
Identity Operators: is, is not
Unary Operators: +, -
Ternary Operator: expr1 if condition else expr2

Arithmetic Operators:

Addition (+): Performs the addition of two operands.
Subtraction (-): Performs subtraction of the second operand from the first.
Multiplication (*): Performs multiplication of two operands.
Division (/): Performs division of the first operand by the second.
Modulo (%): Returns the remainder after the division of the first operand by the second.
Exponentiation (**): Raises the first operand to the power of the second.

Floor Division (//): Performs division and returns the integer quotient without the remainder.

Example:

  x = 10
  y = 3

  addition = x + y
  subtraction = x - y
  multiplication = x * y
  division = x / y
  modulo = x % y
  exponentiation = x ** y
  floor_division = x // y

  print(addition)           # Output: 13
  print(subtraction)        # Output: 7
  print(multiplication)     # Output: 30
  print(division)           # Output: 3.3333333333333335
  print(modulo)             # Output: 1
  print(exponentiation)     # Output: 1000
  print(floor_division)     # Output: 3

Comparison Operators:

Equal to (==): Checks if the operands are equal.
Not equal to (!=): Checks if the operands are not equal.
Greater than (>): Checks if the first operand is greater than the second.
Less than (<): Checks if the first operand is less than the second.
Greater than or equal to (>=): Checks if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second.

Less than or equal to (<=): Checks if the first operand is less than or equal to the second.

Example:

  x = 5
  y = 3

  is_equal = x == y
  is_not_equal = x != y
  is_greater_than = x > y
  is_less_than = x < y
  is_greater_than_or_equal = x >= y
  is_less_than_or_equal = x <= y

  print(is_equal)                  # Output: False
  print(is_not_equal)              # Output: True
  print(is_greater_than)           # Output: True
  print(is_less_than)              # Output: False
  print(is_greater_than_or_equal)  # Output: True
  print(is_less_than_or_equal)     # Output: False

Assignment Operators:
- Assign (=): Assigns the value of the right operand to the left operand.
- Add and assign (+=): Adds the value of the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
- Subtract and assign (-=): Subtracts the value of the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
- Multiply and assign (*=): Multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
- Divide and assign (/=): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
- Modulo and assign (%=): Computes the modulus of the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
- Exponentiation and assign (**=): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
- Floor divide and assign (//=): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the integer quotient to the left operand.
  
  Example:
```
  x = 5

  x += 3
  print(x)  # Output: 8

  x -= 2
  print(x)  # Output: 6

  x *= 4
  print(x)  # Output: 24

  x /= 3
  print(x)  # Output: 8.0

  x %= 5
  print(x)  # Output: 3.0

  x **= 2
  print(x)  # Output: 9.0

  x //= 2
  print(x)  # Output: 4.0
```

Logical Operators:

Logical AND (and): Returns True if both operands are True.
Logical OR (or): Returns True if at least one of the operands is True.

Logical NOT (not): Returns the opposite of the operand's logical value.

Example:

  x = True
  y = False

  logical_and = x and y
  logical_or = x or y
  logical_not_x = not x

  print(logical_and)    # Output: False
  print(logical_or)     # Output: True
  print(logical_not_x)  # Output: False

Bitwise Operators:
- Bitwise AND (&): Performs a bitwise AND operation on the operands.
- Bitwise OR (|): Performs a bitwise OR operation on the operands.
- Bitwise XOR (^): Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the operands.
- Bitwise NOT (~): Performs a bitwise NOT operation, which flips the bits of the operand.
- Left Shift (<<): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
- Right Shift (>>): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
  
  Example:
```
  x = 5
  y = 3

  bitwise_and = x & y
  bitwise_or = x | y
  bitwise_xor = x ^ y
  bitwise_not_x = ~x
  left_shift = x << 1
  right_shift = x >> 1

  print(bitwise_and)     # Output: 1
  print(bitwise_or)      # Output: 7
  print(bitwise_xor)     # Output: 6
  print(bitwise_not_x)   # Output: -6
  print(left_shift)      # Output: 10
  print(right_shift)     # Output: 2
```

Membership Operators:

Membership Operators: in, not in

Example:

  fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

  print('banana' in fruits)        # Output: True
  print('orange' not in fruits)    # Output: True

Identity Operators:

Identity Operators: is, is not

Example:

  x = 5
  y = 5

  print(x is y)         # Output: True
  print(x is not y)     # Output: False

  list1 = [1, 2, 3]
  list2 = [1, 2, 3]

  print(list1 is list2)     # Output: False
  print(list1 is not list2) # Output: True

Unary Operators:

Unary Operators: +, -

Example:

  x = 5

  print(+x)   # Output: 5
  print(-x)   # Output: -5

  y = -3

  print(+y)   # Output: -3
  print(-y)   # Output: 3

Ternary Operator:

Ternary Operator: expr1 if condition else expr2

Example:

  x = 10
  y = 5

  result = 'x is greater' if x > y else 'y is greater'
  print(result)    # Output: 'x is greater'

These examples demonstrate the usage of each operator in Python and their corresponding results.

Python Operators.

Table of contents

What are the Python Operators?

Types of Python Operators.