Python Conditional Statements & Indentation: Ctr Flow & Code Structure

What are the Conditional Statements?

Conditional statements in Python allow you to control the flow of your program based on certain conditions. They enable you to execute different blocks of code based on whether a condition is true or false. The two primary conditional statements in Python are the if statement and the if-else statement.

if

if statement: The if statement is used to check a condition and execute a block of code if the condition is true. It has the following syntax:
```
 if condition:
     # Code to execute if the condition is true
```
Example:
```
 x = 10
 if x > 0:
     print("x is positive")
```
In this example, the code inside the if block will only execute if the condition x > 0 is true. If the condition is false, the code inside the if block will be skipped.
if-else

if-else statement: The if-else statement allows you to specify different code blocks to execute based on whether a condition is true or false. It has the following syntax:
```
 if condition:
     # Code to execute if the condition is true
 else:
     # Code to execute if the condition is false
```
Example:
```
 x = 10
 if x > 0:
     print("x is positive")
 else:
     print("x is non-positive")
```
In this example, if the condition x > 0 is true, the code inside the if block will execute. Otherwise, if the condition is false, the code inside the else block will execute.
elif

Additionally, you can use the elif statement (short for "else if") to specify multiple conditions to check. It is used in conjunction with the if statement and allows you to test additional conditions if the previous conditions are false.

Example:
```
 x = 10
 if x > 0:
     print("x is positive")
 elif x < 0:
     print("x is negative")
 else:
     print("x is zero")
```
In this example, the code will check each condition sequentially. If the first condition is true, it will execute the corresponding block and skip the remaining conditions. If the first condition is false, it will move on to the next condition, and so on.

Conditional statements in Python provide a powerful way to make decisions and control the flow of your program based on different conditions and criteria. They are fundamental constructs for implementing logic and decision-making in Python programs.

What is the Indentation in Python?

Indentation in Python refers to the spaces or tabs placed at the beginning of a line of code to define the block or scope of a code segment. It is used to indicate the grouping of statements within loops, conditional statements, function definitions, and other control structures. Indentation is a crucial aspect of Python syntax and is used to enforce code readability and structure.

Python does not use curly braces or other explicit symbols to denote code blocks like many other programming languages. Instead, it relies on the consistent indentation of lines of code to determine which statements belong to a particular block. By convention, four spaces or a single tab is typically used for each level of indentation.

Here's an example to illustrate the use of indentation in Python:

if x > 0:
    print("Positive number")
    if x > 10:
        print("Large positive number")
else:
    print("Negative number")

In the above code, the indentation helps define the structure of the if-else statement. The indented lines under the if and else blocks indicate the statements that are executed conditionally based on the value of x. The nested if the statement is further indented to denote that it is part of the outer if block.

Proper indentation is crucial in Python because it determines the code's logical flow and readability. Incorrect or inconsistent indentation can lead to syntax errors and unexpected program behavior. Therefore, it is recommended to follow a consistent indentation style throughout your Python code for better code organization and maintainability. Indentation in Python refers to the spaces or tabs placed at the beginning of a line of code to define the block or scope of a code segment. It is used to indicate the grouping of statements within loops, conditional statements, function definitions, and other control structures. Indentation is a crucial aspect of Python syntax and is used to enforce code readability and structure.

Here's an example to illustrate the use of indentation in Python:

python Copy code if x > 0: print("Positive number") if x > 10: print("Large positive number") else: print("Negative number") In the above code, the indentation helps define the structure of the if-else statement. The indented lines under the if and else blocks indicate the statements that are executed conditionally based on the value of x. The nested if statement is further indented to denote that it is part of the outer if block.

Conditional Statements.

Table of contents

What are the Conditional Statements?

if

if-else

elif

What is the Indentation in Python?